Water distribution systems are networks of pipes, tanks, pumps, and valves designed to transport potable water from a centralized source, such as a treatment plant, to individual homes, businesses, and public facilities. These systems play a critical role in ensuring the availability of clean and safe drinking water to communities. Research in this area focuses on improving the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of water distribution systems through the development of innovative technologies, modeling and optimization techniques, and management strategies. Key objectives include maximizing water quality, minimizing energy consumption, reducing leakage and losses, and enhancing resilience to natural disasters and other disruptions. By addressing these challenges, researchers aim to ensure the long-term viability and effectiveness of water distribution systems in meeting the needs of growing populations and changing environmental conditions.